e-primbon

Diberdayakan oleh Blogger.

Mengenai Saya

Foto saya
said my friend,"i'm good, not cocky, kind of quiet, pretty smart", and there are many more.

Sabtu, 15 Desember 2012

Conditional Sentences

Posted by zizz031 | Sabtu, 15 Desember 2012 | Category: | 0 komentar

Conditional sentence is used for expressing our hope or expectation toward something. A conditinal sentence consist of two part : “main clause” and “if clause”.
There are four types of conditional sentences in english:
•       - 1st conditional sentences
•       - 2nd conditional sentences
•       - 3rd conditional  sentences

•       - Conditional Sentence without “IF” (Inversion)
1. Conditional Sentence type 1 : if + simple present, simple future,
     Example : if i have much money, i will go to Bali Island.
a. Form
In a Type 1 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple present, and the tense in the main clause is the simple future.
b.Function
In these sentences, the time is the present or future and the situation is real. They refer to a possible condition and its probable result. They are based on facts, and they are used to make statements about the real world, and about particular situations. We often use such sentences to give warnings.
Example :
•       If you don't leave, I'll call the police.
•       If you don't drop the gun, I'll shoot!
•       If you drop that glass, it will break.
•       Nobody will notice if you make a mistake.
•       If I have time, I'll finish that letter.
•       What will you do if you miss the plane?
•       NOTE: We can use modals to express the degree of certainty of the result:
•       If you drop that glass, it might break.
•       I may finish that letter if I have time.
2. Conditional Sentence type 2 : if + simple past, past future,
      Example : if i had a car, i would give him money (jika saya memiliki mobil, saya akan memberinya uang)
a. Definition:
2nd conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future. This page will explain how the second conditional is formed, and when to use it. (Contrary-fact)
b. The structure of a second conditional sentence
•      Like a first conditional, a second conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
main clause
IF clause
If I had a million dollars,
I would buy a big house.
If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:
If Clause
Main clause
I would buy a big house
if I had a million dollars
If clause
Result Clause
If + simple past (V2)
would + V1
*Note: If, there’s a “to be” on the sentence. That’s only “were”
c. Examples & Using of Conditional Sentences
Example :
Explanation:
If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.
I am not you — this is unreal.
If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly.
Dogs don't have wings — that's impossible.
If I were a doctor, I would check your health.
In the Fact – You’re not a doctor.
If I had enough money, I would go to Seoul.
In the Fact – You don’t have any money.
If I studied hard, I would pass the test successfully.
In the fact- You don’t study hard, so you don’t pass it successfully.
3. Rumus Conditional Sentence tipe 3 : if + past perfect, past future perfect,
contoh : if i had had money, i would have bought a house (jika saya punya uang, saya akan membeli rumah)
3rd Conditional Sentences
a. Definition
3rd  conditional  sentences  is   an “impossible condition” , meaning it is contraty to the  fact in the  past  and there is no hope for the situasion to occur because you were imagining something in the past.
b. The structure of 3rd Conditional Sentences
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
If clause
if + subject + past perfect verb*
Main clause
subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle
If clause
Main clause
If I had gone to surabaya last week,
I would have met my grandparents for the last time.
                         
Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:
Full form
If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form
If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.
c. Using the third conditional
The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:
Example
Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.
Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game.
Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.
Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.
If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing.
Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
Remember guys!
1.     The conditional construction does not normally use will or would in if clauses.
EXCEPTION: If will or would express willingness, as in requests, they can be used in if-clauses. e.g.
If you will come this way, the manager will see you now. I would be grateful if you would give me a little help. (= ± please, come this way; please, give me...)
2.     For the second conditional, were replaces was:
If I were a rich man...
3.     After if, we can either use "some(-one, -where...)" or "any(-one, -where...).
If I have some spare time next weekend....or....f I have any spare time...
4.     Instead of if not, we can use unless. e.g.
I'll be back tomorrow unless there is a plane strike.
He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low.
5.     There is a "mixed type" as well, for the present results of an unreal condition in the past:
If + Past Perfect - would + inf.
If you had warned me [then], I would not be in prison [now].

Admitting Mistakes and Making Promises

Posted by zizz031 | | Category: | 0 komentar

Admitting Mistakes (mengakui kesalahan)
 
Admitting mistakes is someone's consciousness who’s doing something wrong or on purpose. 
  •       The word which usually use is ‘sorry, forgive me, etc’.
Why we must admitting mistakes?
Maybe you thinking that if Admitting your  mistakes, it can make you seems "losing face“.  However, in the eyes of other people, a person who can admit to mistakes and move on from them is more likely to garner respect than someone who blusters and pretends they weren't responsible. Ultimately, continued refusal to face up to being wrong or causing a problem can take a toll on your reputation, relationships, and your work or professional life.
Admitting mistakes can also be expressed to represent the person who made ​​a mistake. Thus, You can help solve the problems of others so that many people would love to be friends with you. This skill can liberate you and allow you and others to move on to better relationships and outcomes.
The example expressions of Admitting Mistakes:
  • I’m sorry. It’s my fault.
  • I admit what I have done is wrong.
  • Sorry, I didn’t mean to.
  • Yes, I take the blame.
  • It’s my mistakes. Please forgive me.
  • I know. I shouldn’t have done that. Sorry.
  • I never intended it that way.
  • You’re right. I’m fully responsible for this matter.
  • I'm sorry that I've ignored your opinion.
  • This has been my terrible mistake.
  • Sorry, I was rude to you.
Dialogue:
Vidya        : Who should be responsible to this?
Alpred       : Sorry miss, I have to admit that it is my fault.
Vidya        : So, what will you do now??
Alpred       : Yes miss, so I will replace the food with the new one. 
 Making Promises (berjanji)

Make promise is important in some condition, for example when you have just made a mistakes, you must make a promise to someone else to don't make same mistakes twice to her/him or when you have schedule that must you do with your friends, like doing homework, employment contract, etc.
Make promises is important when you want to do something to convince someone, but the promise must be fulfilled so that people can trust you.
Make Promises to yourself !
In addition to making promises to others, you can make an appointment for yourself. In this case, for example, promises to be a better person, or a promise to meet the targets that you have make in  the future.
The example expressions of making promises:
Making Promises
Responding
I promise I will help you.
Thank you
Keep my promise. I won’t do it again.
All right. Keep your promise.
I swear I will not let others know this problem.
O.K. Thanks.
I assure you that I will return the book on time.
Really? Let me be assured.
Don’t worry. I’ll see you before I leave.
O.K. I’ll wait for you.
I swear I don’t do it again.
Keep your promise.
I will not be careless again.
Yes, you do.
I promise to manage my time well.
I trust you.
Dialogue…
Aziz     : Would you accompany me to visit Linda. She is hospitalized.
Uje      : What time?
Aziz     : At 9 o'clock. By the way, are you sure Doni will join us next week?
Uje      : I'm sure he will. He promised to join us next week. 

BLAMING AND ACCUSING SOMEONE

Posted by zizz031 | | Category: | 0 komentar


1. Blaming
  Blaming is an expression that is used to say on somebody the responbility for something done (badly or wrongly) or not done.
Expressions for blaming :

§  Are you out of your mind?
§  How could you do such a thing?
§  What on earth were you thinking?
§  It’s your fault/mistake.
§  I think you are to blame.
§  I think you are the one who could have done it.
§  I can’t believe that you did it.
§  I hope you are sorry.
§  You are behind all this!
§  You have to responsible for this!
§  You should finish what you’ve started!
§  It’s all because of you!
§  It’s your responsibility!
§  I blame you on........


Some expression to response it :
§  I’m sorry. It’s my fault.
§  It’s my responsibility. I’m sorry.
§  I’m sorry for the things I’ve done.
§  Sorry for my fault.
§  I know this was my fault.

2. Accusing

   Accusing is an expression that is used to say what you believe when someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something bad although he/she doesn’t know the truth.
Expressions for accusing :
§  It must have been you who did it.
§  I think you're the only person who could have done it.
§  You must be doing something wrong.
§  You must be the doer.
§  No one else could do such a thing, but you.
§  I accuse you on........
Some expression to response it :
§  No, I didn’t.
§  No. It wasn’t me.
§  Yes, I did. Sorry.
§  I’m really sorry. I didn’t mean to.
§  You are probably right.
§  I’m sorry. It’s my fault.
§  Sorry for my fault.
§  I’m sorry for I’ve done.
§  I’m sorry.

Langganan: Postingan (Atom)

Followers